Book Review: James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850’s Part Five

Similarities between the 1856 election and the elections of the 2000's

Now, if you would let me set the stage, I think that there are some striking similarities from these two elections and our previous three. The year is 1856; Franklin Pierce has just left office after four prosperous but sectional tensioned years between the Northern states and the Southern sates, and if a sectional candidate assumes office civil war will erupt. This was the situation that James Buchanan, James Fremont and Millard Fillmore found themselves in during the fall of 1856. Buchanan was able to barley squeak out a win in the southern states and wins enough northern states to push him over the electoral hill. How did he do it? Some, such as Michel Stampp, argue, and I agree, that the overriding theme of the 1856 election was fear, fear that the Union would dissolve under a sectionalist president such as the republican Fremont. In the 2000, we saw that even though George W. Bush was not able to win the popular vote he was able to sweep the south and key northern sates to win the electoral count. And in the 2004 election the overriding theme was fear, fear of the dissolving of our way of life or fear of unknown threats. What I’m trying to say, is that the election of 1856 and when we combine the elections of 2000 and 2004 we find some striking similarities.

As for the election of 2008, I think that it can be described as a new political generation taking the reins, in the same way that the republicans where able to in 1860. The Jacksonian style at that time had been....

Book Review: James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850’s Part Four

James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850's Part Four

How did the ‘Old Pubic Functionary’ get to 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue if he was supposedly such a wreck? Michel F. Holt takes up this issue in “Another Look at the Election of 1856” where he argues that the Fillmore campaign had more to do with Buchanan’s win than most historians acknowledge. The common view is that since Buchanan was able to win the South and some of the north he was able to best his republican rival John C. Fremont. If we look at the actual facts of the election, Holt writes:

“Ultimately Buchanan won with 45 percent by caring every slave state but Maryland and five key northern states. Fremont swept the rest of the north and the plurality of that regions popular vote. Because Fremont won virtually no Southern votes, however he garnered only 33 percent of the nationwide popular poll. Fillmore took the remaining 21.6 percent of the popular vote 13.4 percent of the North’s and 43.9 percent of the South’s. Maryland was his soul trophy on the electoral vote column. 

The only other third party candidate to garner more votes than Fillmore was....

Book Review: James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850’s Part Three

James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850's Part Three

Even though he made a lot of mistakes, being the policy hawk and compromiser that he was, some of his actions are rewritten as mistakes even though at the time they were not.  Take for instance the case of William Walker, the filibuster as Robert E. May did in his piece “James Buchanan and the Neutrality Laws.” Many have thought that Buchanan supported Walker in his attempts to takeover Nicaragua, by not charging Walker and relieving the arresting commander Paulding of his duties.  First, Buchanan did not charge Walker out of his strict comprehension of the constitution and “international law and historical president rather than from blighted hopes for walkers success.” He relived Paulding, because....

Book Review: James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850’s Part Two

James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850's Book Review

In his piece “Dough in the Hands of the Doughface? James Buchanan and the Untamable Press”, Mark Summers describes to us the importance of the political organ (a party newspaper), and Buchanan’s mishandling of the press. From the advent of the printing press and well on in to the twenty-first century, the press and politics were and are forever joined at the hip. By the 1850’s, as Mark Summers writes, “ …no party could have done with out a press establishment of its own…So great was the demand for dailies that every major city had at least three.” (68)  Summers goes on to write, “No lie was too gross, no abuse too coarse for the partisan editor, but, then, his main purpose was not to gather and judge the news of the day, but to further the party.” (69) We can clearly see that it was important for ‘Old Buck’ to have

Book Review: James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850’s Part One

Brinkner, Michel ed. James Buchanan and the Political Crisis of the 1850’s Associated University Presses, Cranbury, NJ 1996.

This book is comprised of six papers and a subsequent discussion at a conference for two days September 1991 commemorating the two hundredth anniversary of the Sage of Wheatland’s birth (James Buchanan). For this review I will quickly outline each entry and then discuss the correlation of the political climate of 1850’s with that of our own. Particularly, I will relate the election of 1856 to the elections of 2000 and 2004. Latter I hope to show the glaring similarities between the election of 1860 and the 2008 election.

Michel F. Holt takes a different approach to Buchanan’s win in the paper “Another Look at the Election of 1856.” And to describe the 1860 election, Peter Knupfer uses a notion called ‘political generation’ to account for the shift from Jacksonian style politics to Civil War style politics in his piece “James Buchanan, the Election of 1860, and the Demise of Jacksonian Politics.” Shedding light on leadership styles during this era, William E. Gienapp compares Buchanan to Lincoln in his work, “’No Bed of Roses’: James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln, and Presidential Leadership in the Civil War Era.” Rounding the corner...